'''Galician''' is the Romance language most closely related to Portuguese. It is spoken in Galicia, which is in north-western Spain. Portuguese speakes (both European and Brazilian alike) will usually tell you that Galician is a dialect of their own language, while Spaniards will tell you the opposite in a manner similar to that which exists between Bulgarians and Yugoslav Macedonians. Whichever the case, Portuguese and Galician speakers can understand each other almost perfectly without a translator.
Sounds
Galician sounds are similar to Portuguese, but nasalization is not nearly as pervasive. The letter ''x'', pronounced ''sh'' in both languages and, is used in many Galician words where Portuguese uses ''j'' or ''g'', where it is pronounced like "zh".
Vowels
; a : like f'''a'''ther
; e (stressed) : like s'''e'''t, t'''e'''n
; e (unstressed) : like h'''e'''rd
; i : like mach'''i'''ne
; o (stressed) : like h'''o'''t, t'''o'''p (British pronunication)
; o (unstressed) : like s'''o'''rt
; u : like s'''ou'''p or b'''oo'''k
Consonants
; b : like 'b' in "bed": ''bico'' ('kiss').
; c + e, i : like 's' in "supper" (western Galicia) or 'th' in "think" (eastern Galicia): ''cedo'' ('early').
; c + a, o, u : like 'k' in "key": ''can'' ('dog').
; d : like 'd' in "day": ''data'' ('date').
; f : like 'ph' in "phone": ''ferro'' ('iron').
; g : like 'g' in "gone". In western Galicia, ''g'' is sometimes aspirated, like 'h' in "house": ''xogo'' ('game'). If followed by ''e'' or ''i'', ''g'' must be written with a silent ''u'': ''xoguete'' ('toy'), ''preguiza'' ('laziness'). If followed by a pronounced ''u'' and then by ''e'' or ''i'', that ''u'' bears a diaeresis: ''bilingue'' ('bilingual'), ''Guiana'' ('Guyana').
; h : silent: ''harmonia'' ('harmony').
; k: used only in foriegn words like "kilo"
; l : like 'l' in "love": ''lua'' ('moon').
; m : like 'm' in "month": ''amarelo'' ('yellow').
; n : like 'n' in "nice": ''nai'' ('mother'). Like 'ng' in "song" if it's at the end of a word: ''non'' ('no').
; n : same as in Spanish: ''xuno'' ('June'). Transliterad as ''nh'' in Portuguese and ''ny'' in Catalan.
; p : like 'p' in "party": ''pai'' ('father').
; q : like 'q' in "unique". ''Q'' is almost always followed by a silent ''u'' and then by ''e'' or ''i'': ''queixo'' ('cheese'/'chin'), ''arquivo'' ('archive').
; r : trill with the tip of the tongue, like other Romance languages: ''terra'' ('earth', 'land', 'ground').
; s : like 's' in "supper": ''persoa'' ('person').
; t : like 't' in "top": ''ter'' ('to have').
; v : like 'b' in "bed": ''novo'' ('new').
; x : like 'sh' in "shoe": ''imaxe'' ('image'), ''axuda'' ('help'), ''xaneiro'' ('January'), ''viaxar'' ('to travel'), ''loxico'' ('logical'), ''xanela'' ('window'), ''cervexa'' ('beer'), ''xeral'' ('general'). Like 'x' in "example" (only in some words): ''taxi'' ('taxi'), ''explorar'' ('to explore'), ''texto'' ('text'), ''excursion'' ('trip')...
; z : like 's' in "supper" (western Galicia) or 'th' in "think" (eastern Galicia): ''prezo'' ('price'). Unlike Spanish, ''Z'' is never followed by ''e'' or ''i''.
Common diphthongs
; ai : like s'''ay''' (British pronunciation)
; au : like p'''ou'''t
; ei : like s'''ay''' (American pronunciation)
; eu : the e vowel plus a w semivowel (no equivalent in English)
; oi : like b'''oy'''
; ou : as in '''ow'''n
Common digraphs
; ch : like 'tch' in "match": ''chave'' ('key').
; ll : like 'lli' in "million": ''ollo'' ('eye'). Same as in Catalan and as ''lh'' in "standard" Portuguese.
; nh : like 'ng' in "song" or "singing": ''unha'' ('one' fem.)
Phrase list
Basics
; Hello (informal). : Ola. (''OH-lah''). For the formal equivalent of "Ola" see good morning, good afternoon, good evening, below.
; How are you? : Como estas? (''KOH-m ehss-TAHSS?'') (informal); Como esta? (''KOH-m ehss-TAH?'') (formal)
; Fine, thank you. : Moi ben, grazas.
; What is your name? : Como te chamas? (informal); Como se chama? (formal)
; My name is ______ . : Chamome ______ .
; Nice to meet you. : E un pracer.
; Please. : Por favor.
; Thank you. : Grazas.
; You're welcome. : De nada. / Non hai de que.
; Yes. : Si. (''SEE'')
; No. : Non. (''NONG'')
; Excuse me. (''getting attention'') : Perdoe. / Desculpe.
; Excuse me. (''begging pardon'') : Perdoe. (''per-DOEH'') / Desculpe.
; I'm sorry. : Sintoo.
; Goodbye : Adeus.
; I can't speak Galician [well]. : Non falo [moi ben] o galego.
; Do you speak English? : falas ingles? (informal);
; Is there someone here who speaks English? : Hai alguen que fale o ingles?
; Help! : Axuda! Socorro! Auxilio!
; Good morning. : Bo dia.
; Good afternoon. : Boa tarde.
; Good evening (when it's dark) : Boa noite.
; Good night. : Boa noite.
; I don't understand. : Non entendo..
; Where is the toilet? : Onde esta o bano? Onde esta o aseo?
Problems
; Leave me alone. : Deixame en paz! (''DAY-shah-meng PAHS'')
; Don't touch me! : Non me toques!
; I'll call the police. : Vou chamar a policia (''bo chah-MAH-lah poh-lee-SEE-ah'')
; Police! : Policia! (''poh-lee-SEE-ah'')
; Stop! Thief! : Para! Ladron!
; I need help. : Necesito axuda.
; It's an emergency. : E unha emerxencia
; I'm lost. : Perdinme.
; I lost my bag. : Perdin a mina bolsa.
; I lost my wallet. : Perdin o meu moedeiro.
; I'm sick. : Estou enfermo/a
; I've been injured. : Estou ferido/a
; I need a doctor. : Necesito un medico
; Can I use your phone? : Podo usar o teu tefefono?
Numbers
; 1 : un/unha (''oong''/''OONG-a'')(Male/Female)
; 2 : dous/duas (''dows''/''DOO-ahs'')(Male/Female)
; 3 : tres (''TRREHS'')
; 4 : catro
; 5 : cinco
; 6 : seis(''SEES'')
; 7 : sete (''SET'')
; 8 : oito (''...'')
; 9 : nove (''...'')
; 10 : dez
; 11 : once (''...'')
; 12 : doce (''...'')
; 13 : trece (''...'')
; 14 : catorce
; 15 : quince
; 16 : dezaseis
; 17 : dezasete
; 18 : dezaoito (''...'')
; 19 : dezanove(''...'')
; 20 : vinte (''...'')
; 21 : vinte e un/unha (''...'')
; 22 : vinte e dous/duas (''...'')
; 23 : vintetres (''...'')
; 30 : trinta (''...'')
; 31 : trinta e un/unha (''...'')
; 32 : trinta e dous/duas (''...'')
; 33 : trinta e tres (''...'')
; 40 : corenta (''...'')
; 50 : cincuenta (''...'')
; 60 : sesenta (''...'')
; 70 : setenta (''...'')
; 80 : oitenta (''...'')
; 90 : noventa (''...'')
; 100 : cen (''SENG'')
; 200 : douscentos/duascentas (''...'')
; 300 : trescentos/trescentas (''...'')
; 400 : catrocentos/catrocentas (''...'')
; 500 : quinentos/quinentas // cincocentos/cincocentas (''...'')
; 1000 : mil (''MEEL'')
; 2000 : dous mil / duas mil (''...'')
; 1,000,000 : un millon (''...'')
; 1,000,000,000 : mil millons
; 1,000,000,000,000 : un billon
; number _____ (''train, bus, etc.'') : numero _____ (''...'')
; half : medio (''...'')
; less : menos (''...'')
; more : mais (''MYS'')
Time
; now : agora (''ah-GOH-rah'')
; later : despois (''...'')
; before : antes (''...'')
; morning : mana (''...'')
; afternoon : tarde (''...'')
; evening : noite (''...'') / seran (''seh-RAHNG'')
; night : noite (''...'')
Clock time
; the X hour : As X
; the X hour in the early morning/morning/midday/afternoon/evening/night: As X da madrugada/mana/mediodia/tarde/tarde/noite
; one o'clock AM : a unha da madrugada(''...''), literally ''the one in the early morning''
; two o'clock AM : as duas da madrugada(''...'')
; noon : mediodia (''...'') literally ''half day''
; one o'clock PM : a unha da tarde (''...'')
; two o'clock PM : as duas da tarde(''...'')
; midnight : medianoite (''...'')
Duration
; _____ minute(s) : _____ minuto(minutos) (''...'')
; _____ hour(s) : _____ horas(horas) (''...'')
; _____ day(s) : _____ dia(dias) (''...'')
; _____ week(s) : _____ semana(semanas) (''...'')
; _____ month(s) : _____ mes(meses) (''...'')
; _____ year(s) : _____ ano(anos) (''...'')
Days
; today : hoxe (''...'')
; yesterday : onte (''...'')
; tomorrow : mana (''...'')
; this week : esta semana (''...'')
; last week : a semana pasada (''...'')
; next week : a vindeira/proxima semana (''...'')
; Sunday : Domingo (''...'')
; Monday : Luns (''...'')
; Tuesday : Martes (''...'')
; Wednesday : Mercores (''...'')
; Thursday : Xoves (''...'')
; Friday : Venres (''...'')
; Saturday : Sabado (''...'')
Months
; January : Xaneiro (''...'')
; February : Febreiro (''...'')
; March : Marzo (''...'')
; April : Abril (''...'')
; May : Maio (''...'')
; June : Xuno (''...'')
; July : Xullo (''...'')
; August : Agosto (''...'')
; September : Setembro (''...'')
; October : Outubro (''...'')
; November : Novembro (''...'')
; December : Decembro (''...'')
Writing time and date
June 13th of 2004: trece (13) de xuno de 2004
Colors
; black : negro (''...'')
; white : branco (''...'')
; gray : gris (''...'')
; red : vermello (''...'')
; blue : azul (''...'')
; yellow : amarelo (''...'')
; green : verde (''...'')
; orange : laranxa (''...'')
; purple : morado (''...'')
; brown : marron/castano (''...'')
Transportation
Bus and train
; How much is a ticket to _____? : Canto custa o billete para _____? (''...'')
; A single ticket to _____, please. : Un billete so de ida para _____, por favor. (''...'')
; A return ticket to _____, please. : Un billete de ida e volta para ____, por favor.
; Where does this train/bus go? : Para onde vai este tren/autobus? (''...'')
; Where is the train/bus to _____? : Onde esta o tren/autobus que vai para _____? (''...'')
; Does this train/bus stop in _____? : Este tren/autobus para en _____? (''...'')
; When does the train/bus for _____ leave? : Cando marcha o tren/autobus que vai para _____? (''...'')
; When will this train/bus arrive in _____? : Cando chega este tren/autobus a _____? (''...'')
Directions
; How do I get to _____ ? : Como vou a _____ ? (''...'')
; ...the train station? : ...a estacion de tren? (''...'')
; ...the bus station? : ...a estacion de autobuses? (''...'')
; ...the airport? : ...o / ao aeroporto? (''...'')
; ...downtown? : ...o / ao centro? (''...'')
; ...the youth hostel? : ...o / ao albergue da xuventude? (''...'')
; ...the _____ hotel? : ...o / ao hotel _____? (''...'')
; ...the American/Canadian/Australian/British consulate? : ...o / ao consulado dos Estados Unidos/de Canada/de Australia/do Reino Unido? (''...'')
; Where are there a lot of... : Onde hai moitos... (''...'')
; ...hotels? : ...hoteis? (''...'')
; ...restaurants? : ...restaurantes? (''...'')
; ...bars? : ...bares? (''...'')
; ...sites to see? : ...sitios para visitar? (''...'')
; Can you show me on the map? : Podesme sinalar no mapa? (''...'')
; street : rua (''...'')
; Turn left. : Xire a esquerda. (''...'')
; Turn right. : Xire a dereita. (''...'')
; left : esquerda (''...'')
; right : dereita (''...'')
; straight ahead : recto (''...'')
; towards the _____ : cara a _____ (''...'')
; past the _____ : despois de _____ (''...'')
; before the _____ : antes de _____ (''...'')
; Watch for the _____. : Vixila o/a/os/as _____. (''...'')
; intersection : interseccion (''...'')
; north : norte (''...'')
; south : sur (''...'')
; east : leste (''...'')
; west : oeste (''...'')
; uphill : costa arriba (''...'')
; downhill : costa abaixo (''...'')
Taxi
; Taxi! : Taxi! (''TAHK-see'')
; Take me to _____, please. : Leveme a _____, por favor. (''...'')
; How much does it cost to get to _____? : Canto custa chegar a _____? (''...'')
; Take me there, please. : Leveme ala, por favor. (''...'')
Lodging
; Do you have any rooms available? : Ten algun cuarto disponible? (''...'')
; How much is a room for one person/two people? : Canto custa un cuarto para unha/duas persoa/persoas? (''...'')
; Does the room come with...? : O cuarto ten...?(''...'')
; ...a bathroom? : ...bano? (''...'')
; ...a telephone? : ...telefono? (''...'')
; ...a TV? : ...television? (''...'')
; May I see the room first? : Podo ver o cuarto primeiro? (''...'')
; Do you have anything quieter? : Ten algo mais silencioso? (''...'')
; ...bigger? : ...mais grande? (''...'')
; ...cleaner? : ...mais limpo? (''...'')
; ...cheaper? : ...mais barato? (''...'')
; OK, I'll take it. : De acordo, quedo con ela. (''...'')
; I will stay for _____ night(s). : Vou quedar _____ noite(s). (''...'')
; Can you suggest another hotel? : Podeme suxerir outro hotel? (''...'')
; Do you have a safe lockers? : Ten caixa de seguridade? (''...'')
; Is breakfast/supper included? : O almorzo esta incluido? (''...'')/ A cea esta incluida? (''...'')
; What time is breakfast/supper? : Cando se almorza/cea? (''...'')
; Please clean my room. : Por favor, limpe o meu cuarto. (''...'')
; Can you wake me at _____? : Podeme espertar as _____? (''...'')
; I want to check out. : Vou marchar. (''...'')
Eating
; A table for one person/two people, please. : Unha mesa para unha persoa/duas persoas, por favor. (''...'')
; Can I look at the menu, please? : Podo ver a carta / o menu, por favor? (''...'')
; Can I look in the kitchen? : Podo ver a cocina? (''...'')
; Is there a house specialty? : Tenen algunha especialidade da casa? (''...'')
; Is there a local specialty? : Tenen algun prato tipico do pais? (''...'')
; I'm a vegetarian. : Sou vexetariano. (''...'')
; I don't eat pork. : Non como porco. (''...'')
; I don't eat beef. : Non como carne de vaca. (''...'')
; I only eat kosher food. : So como comida kosher. (''...'')
; Can you make it "lite", please? (''less oil/butter/lard'') : Podemo facer mais lixeiro? (''con menos aceite/manteiga/graxa'')
; fixed-price meal : menu do dia
; a la carte : a carta (''...'')
; breakfast : almorzo (''...'')
; lunch : xantar (''...'')
; tea (''meal'') : merenda (''...'')
; supper : cea (''...'')
; I want _____. : Quero _____. (''...'')
; I want a dish containing _____. : Quero un prato que tena _____. (''...'')
; chicken : polo (''...'')
; beef : carne de vaca (''...'')
; fish : peixe (''...'')
; ham : xamon (''...'')
; sausages : embutidos (''...'')
; cheese : queixo (''...'')
; eggs : ovos (''...'')
; salad : ensalada (''...'')
; (fresh) vegetables : vexetais (frescos) (''...'')
; (fresh) fruit : froita (fresca) (''...'')
; bread : pan (''...'')
; toast : torrada/tosta (''...'')
; noodles : fideos (''...'')
; rice : arroz (''...'')
; beans : fabas/feixons (''...'')
; May I have a glass of _____? : Podeme traer un vaso de _____? (''...'')
; May I have a cup of _____? : Podeme traer unha cunca de _____? (''...'')
; May I have a bottle of _____? : Podeme traer unha botella de _____? (''...'')
; coffee : cafe (''...'')
; tea (''drink'') : te (''...'')
; juice : zume (''...'')
; (bubbly) water : auga con gas(''...'')
; water : auga sen gas (''...'')
; beer : cervexa
; red/white wine : vino tinto/branco (''...'')
; May I have some _____? : Podeme traer un pouco de _____? (''...'')
; salt : sal (''SAHL'')
; black pepper : pementa negra (''...'')
; butter : manteiga (''...'')
; Excuse me, waiter? (''getting attention of server''): Desculpe? (''...'')
; I'm finished. : Xa rematei. (''...'')
; It was delicious. : Estivo moi bo. (''...'')
; Please clear the plates. : Pode levar os pratos. (''...'')
; The check, please. : A conta, por favor. (''...'')
Money
; Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars? : Aceptan dolares americanos/australianos/canadenses? (''...'')
; Do you accept British pounds? : Aceptan libras esterlinas? (''...'')
; Do you accept credit cards? : Aceptan tarxetas de credito? (''...'')
; Can you change money for me? : Pode cambiarme carto/dineiro? (''...'')
; Where can I get money changed? : Onde podo cambiar carto/dineiro? (''...'')
; Can you change a traveler's check for me? : Pode cambiarme cheques de viaxe?
; Where can I get a traveler's check changed? : Onde podo cambiar cheques de viaxe? (''...'')
; What is the exchange rate? : Canto e a taxa de cambio? (''...'')
; Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)? : Onde hai un caixeiro automatico? (''...'')
Shopping
; Do you have this in my size? : Ten isto na mina talla? (''...'')
; How much is this? : Canto custa isto? (''...'')
; That's too expensive. : E demasiado caro. (''...'')
; Would you take _____? : Doulle _____ (''...'') (lit. "I give you ____")
; expensive : caro (''...'')
; cheap : barato (''...'')
; I can't afford it. : Non o podo pagar. (''...'')
; I don't want it. : Non o quero. (''...'')
; You're cheating me. : Estame enganando. (''...'')
; I'm not interested. : Non estou interesado. (..)
; OK, I'll take it. : De acordo, levoo. (''...'')
; Can I have a bag? : Podeme dar unha bolsa? (''...'')
; Do you ship (overseas)? : Fan envios (o/ao estranxeiro)? (''...'')
; I need... : Necesito... (''...'')
; ...toothpaste. : ...pasta de dentes. (''...'')
; ...a toothbrush. : ...un cepillo de dentes. (''...'')
; ...tampons. : ...tampons. (''...'')
; ...soap. : ...xabon. (''...'')
; ...shampoo. : ...xampu. (''...'')
; ...pain reliever. (''e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen'') : ...unha aspirina. (''...'')
; ...cold medicine. : ...un medicamento para o constipado/arrefriado/catarro. (''...'')
; ...stomach medicine. : ....un medicamento para o estomago (''...'')
; ...a razor. : ...unha folla de afeitar/navalla. (''...'')
; ...an umbrella. : ...un paraugas. (''...'')
; ...sunblock lotion. : ...protector solar. (''...'')
; ...a postcard. : ...unha postal. (''...'')
; ...postage stamps. : ...selos. (''...'')
; ...batteries. : ...pilas. (''...'')
; ...writing paper. : ...papel para escribir. (''...'')
; ...a pen. : ...un boligrafo. (''...'')
; ...English-language books. : .. libros en ingles. (''...'')
; ...English-language magazines. : ...revistas en ingles. (''...'')
; ...an English-language newspaper. : ...un xornal en ingles. (''...'')
; ...an English-English dictionary. : ...un dicionario ingles-ingles. (''...'')
Driving
; I want to rent a car. : Quero alugar un coche. (''...'')
; Can I get insurance? : Podo facer un seguro? (''...'')
; stop (''on a street sign'') : stop (''...'')
; one way : sentido unico (''...'')
; yield : ceda o paso (''...'')
; no parking : prohibido aparcar/prohibido estacionar (''...'')
; speed limit : limite de velocidade / velocidade maxima(''...'')
; gas (''petrol'') station : gasolineira/estacion de servizo (''...'')
; petrol : gasolina (''...'')
; diesel : gasoleo/diesel(''...'')
Authority
; It's his/her fault! : A culpa e del/dela! (''...'')
; Its not what its seems. : Non e o que parece. (''...'')
; I can explain it all. : Podollo explicar todo. (''...'')
; I haven't done anything wrong. : Eu non fixen nada. (''...'')
; I swear I didn't do it Mr. Officer. : Xurolle que non fun eu, axente. (''...'')
; It was a misunderstanding. : Foi un malentendido. (''...'')
; Where are you taking me? : Onde me leva? (''...'')
; Am I under arrest? : Estou detido? (''...'')
; I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : Son cidadan americano/australiano/britanico/canadense. (''...'')
; I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy. : Quero falar coa embaixada americana/australiana/britanica/canadense
; I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian consulate. : Quero falar co consulado americano/australiano/britanico/canadense. (''...'')
; I want to talk to a lawyer. : Quero falar cun avogado. (''...'')
; Can I just pay a fine now? : Podo pagar unha multa agora mesmo? (''...'')