If you've come to this page looking for a packing list to tell you what to bring on ''your'' trip, you may be disappointed. It's impossible to craft a useful generic packing list, because travels – and travelers – are so variable. What you'd pack for a wilderness expedition to the mountains would be almost completely different from a vacation at a posh tropical resort. Packing for a long weekend is not at all like packing for a month. And for that matter, what one person might consider "absolutely essential", another person might consider "completely useless"... even for the same trip.
Instead, this article will try to walk through the process of building your own packing lists for your own travel plans, with suggestions along the way for things you might not have thought of.
One of the key benefits of a packing list is to make sure that you actually ''have'' all the things you'll need to bring. So it's a good idea to start working on it far enough in advance that you'll have time to buy or borrow anything you're missing. The night before your 6AM departure is a bad time to discover that you don't ''have'' an umbrella that will fit in your purse.
Another benefit is that making a list can help you focus on what ''not'' to take. Do you really need an umbrella? Would a broad-brimmed hat do as well? What does the umbrella weigh, how much space does it take up, will it be a problem at airport security, and could you just buy one at your destination?
It can also help to specify on your list which bag each item will go in, to better judge whether you'll be able to pack everything in the luggage you plan to use, and whether you need to buy luggage for the trip.
One common bit of advice, perhaps a bit over-stated but with at least a grain of truth: Figure out what you need to pack and how much money you'll need, then take ''half'' the stuff and ''twice'' the money. It's easier to turn money into clothing (or anything else it turns out you really need) than the other way around.
If you're planning a major trip, especially one a bit off the beaten path, it's worth taking an hour or two to browse at an expedition store or website, just seeing what's available. Even though their main goal is to sell you things whether you need them or not, it will at least give you some idea of what (some) others are buying for ''their'' travels.
If you're a regular traveler, you might find it useful to base your packing list off older lists from previous travels. If you have tended to find in the past that you under-pack (an unusual experience!) or always forget one or two of your personal essentials, you will want to add to your list. Most travelers will find that they will want to subtract from it as they travel more.
If you're traveling by plane, train, etc. don't forget to bring your '''tickets''', or, better, organize etickets. If you're leaving your home country, there's a good chance you'll need to bring your '''passport''' or at least some government-issued proof of your identity and citizenship. For some countries, you will need to obtain a '''visa''' in advance. Extra '''passport-style photos''' may come in handy for documents or passes you may purchase along the way. If you are young and planning on going into clubs or bars, depending on the country, ID may be required...bringing your driver's license minimises the need to flash your passport at every necessary opportunity, and therefore reduces the potential for theft or misplacement.
A printed copy of your '''itinerary''' is useful both for your personal reference and to confirm to officials that your stated travel plans are legit.
If you are travelling internationally, immigration officials will sometimes want to check the legitimacy of your plans. If you're paying for accommodation make sure you have made a reservation for at least your first night and carry '''contact details''' for your place of accommodation. If staying in a private home, have '''the name, address and phone number''' of your host, and make sure that they are aware of your name and your exact date of arrival, because immigration officials may call them if they doubt your plans. If you can't provide details of where you're staying or your host isn't aware that you're coming, you may be refused entry to a country. Business travelers may also need '''a letter of invitation''' to present to officials, check with the issuer of your visa if any.
If you are entering another country as a visitor on a visa that forbids you to seek employment, it is a good idea to '''leave out''' anything that might make it look like you want to seek work, for example, don't take copies of your resume.
If you are traveling with a child, you may need additional documentation to prove that you're their legal guardian, such as their '''birth certificate'''. If the other parent isn't traveling with you (and especially if you and the child have different last names), authorities might suspect that you're trying to take the child out of the country without authorization; proof of custody and/or written permission from any other legal guardians may help you avoid a hassle. See also Traveling with families for children's documentation requirements.
Membership cards can be useful: e.g. '''International Student Identification Card''', '''Hosteling International''', '''Hertz/Avis/AAA''', '''frequent-flyer''' or other "affinity" cards.
It's a good idea to have '''copies''' of all important documents in case of loss. You can carry photocopies (separately of course) and/or keep electronic copies in your webmail account inbox, in an online storage folder, or in a pocket memory stick, to print if needed. It is also advisable to leave copies with someone responsible at home just in case you lose everything.
If you're planning to drive at your destination, a '''driver's license''' and/or '''international driving permit''' will probably be needed. If you are bringing your own vehicle, you may need a Carnet de Passage to get it through customs. Both the IDP and the carnet are obtained from the automobile association in your own country.
The most adventurous free spirits may eschew them, but odds are if you're reading this, you're the sort who values a '''guide'''. Printing off pages from Wikitravel makes for a lightweight reference. Alternately, just read it as needed in Internet cafes, and perhaps add your new discoveries while you're there. If you're also using a commercially printed book, cutting out just the pages for the places you'll be going cuts down on the size and weight. You may be able to buy '''maps''' more easily when you get to your destination, but if you don't read the local script, it's probably best to buy one at home.
Consider including a '''compass''', or even a '''GPS receiver''', especially if you're going someplace without a grid of city streets. Find a compass suitable to your destination's latitude. Most manufacturers balance their compass needles for one of five zones (ranging from Zone 1, covering most of Northern Hemisphere, to Zone 5, covering Australia and the southern oceans). The needle may drag or stick on other zones. For example, a compass designed for North America will not give accurate readings in Australia and vice versa. There are also more expensive multi-zone or global compasses that function correctly everywhere.
A keychain-size '''flashlight''', e.g. [http://www.photonlight.com/] or [http://www.petzl.com], can be handy.
If you do not speak the language, a '''phrasebook''' may range from essential to a nice courtesy. Even if you're sure that someone there will understand you, they'll ''appreciate'' you if you take the trouble to use some of their language.
You'll almost certainly need '''money'''; the main question is what kind and how much. The four main alternatives are '''cash''', '''travelers cheques''', '''credit cards''', '''ATM cards'''. The best way to access cash is through an atm with a travel account that won't charge you to pull out money abroad. For example Commerce Bank in the US, or Nationwide in the UK. Make sure to take some spare dollars though. These are useful for on-the-spot visas, and large purchases abroad, such as resorts.
Some countries – China and India, for example – have government controls on foreign exchange transactions, and in some places it is difficult to use bank cards or to exchange travellers' cheques. Check the entry for your destination(s) for details before deciding what to carry. If you're relying primarily on cards, having at least two, each on different networks, is extremely useful. See Money for more tips on accessing and using money while travelling.
In some situations, '''gifts''' may be more useful than money. In some cultures, the exchange of gifts is an important part of business relationships. Trinkets may be a good way to show your appreciation to a host, or as a friendly overture to the locals.
A '''spare credit card''' (don't keep the PIN with it) tucked away in your first aid kit, toiletry bag or in a hidden pocket in your backpack/luggage will prove incredibly useful if you have your wallet stolen.
What clothes to bring is a big question, both in terms of its importance and percentage of your luggage.
The strategies of layering and versatility are essential for wilderness travel, and they're useful for other kinds as well. Items that you can mix and match and wear in various combinations for various levels of formality and/or warmth are best. For example, khaki slacks can be worn with a dress shirt and jacket for semi-formal situations, or with a t-shirt for sightseeing. A t-shirt, a long-sleeved shirt, and a sweater can be worn individually for hot-to-cool situations, or combined for when things get cold. Especially for women, accessories such as scarves or wraps can turn one outfit into two or three. A sarong can do multiple duties as clothing, beach towel, etc.
The question of "how many?" is a complex formula of how much you want to be prepared vs. how much you want to carry. Consider whether you'll be able to do laundry while there; this can save you from the urge to pack 14 sets of '''underwear''' and '''socks''' for a two-week trip. The more you can determine ahead of time what the weather will be like, where you'll be going, what you'll be doing, the less "just in case" packing you'll be inclined to do. Some companies make extended waer underwear, which is good for the long term traveller. You only have to buy one or two, and then wash them in the sink every night- they are quick dry and antimicrobial, so you'll save a lot of room and stench. Packing a tux or gown because you're not sure if you'll be going to a formal dinner or not, generally means "over packing". On the other hand, if there's a pool or beach, you may end up kicking yourself for not bringing a '''swimsuit'''.
'''Shoes''' are a bulky nuisance to pack, but make sure you bring at least one pair that you'd be comfortable walking around in all day, because at some point you probably will. A pair of '''slippers''' or '''flip-flops''' provide something else to wear when your shoes start to hurt.
Some travelers have invented a type of "disposable" clothing, something you will not have to either carry or launder. Find any clothing you have that is almost worn out, wear it to start your journey, and discard it when it gets dirty.
Consider applying '''waterproofing compound''' to clothing or luggage before you leave. In general, you should not carry it; aerosols are not allowed on planes and you don't want extra weight. However, blasting your hat, jacket or canvas luggage before going may be quite helpful.
Packing too much could ruin your trip. But packing too little could have the same effect. Make sure you double, triple check the weather, hotel services( i.e. washing clothes, free clothing per room like bath robe, ect.) and your list. Start making a list about 2 weeks in advance because then you have a set plan instead of last minute frantic packing.
A '''money belt''' or passport pouch to protect your valuables is a very good idea. See destination articles for information on local risks, and the Pickpockets article for more on avoiding thefts.Don't be lazy and wear your money belt outside of your clothing. In some areas it ''will'' get stolen.
A '''luggage lock''' to seal checked bags may be a good idea. But for travel in the US, use a lock approved by TSA [http://www.tsa.gov/travelers/airtravel/assistant/locks.shtm]; they have master keys for these locks, and with any other lock airport security will ''cut it off'' if they decide to look in your bag.
A number of companies make '''Pack Safes''', which are basically a wire mesh, secured by a padlock, that can enclose your backpack or suitcase and attach it to a solid object (chair, bed, etc) so that prying eyes and fingers cannot remove items from your luggage without a bolt-cutter or your keys. These are good for when you have to leave your bags unattended. i.e. in bus luggage holds, dormitory rooms, ferries and when you need to go to the bathroom. Don't leave your bag locked up and unattended in a bus stop or a train station, or airport where security is high, as it may be opened with an explosive charge by the local bomb disposal unit. They are efficient, if you keep them on throughout your journey, as opposed to taking them on and off. It is a common myth that they weigh a lot (in actuality they are a little over a pound) and that they can get tangled (they can't because of their design). Make sure they fit well, try it on to your bag before purchase, and put on a waterproof underneath for extra protection.
You probably won't ever need the address and phone number for '''your embassy''', but if you do, you'll be glad you had them with you. Phone numbers for family at home are also good to have, just in case.
Most travellers will sensibly avoid areas where armed conflicts are in progress. For those who must go, see War zone safety. It is a good idea to check with your local foreign affairs department for any travel warnings to areas you may be visiting. Things may have changed since you were last there.
If you have '''travel insurance''' — and travel insurance covering at least medical expenses and evacuation home is highly recommended for travellers who are going to be outside the realm of their country of residence's healthcare and insurance arrangements — you should carry a copy of your policy details and the insurer's contact details with you. In some countries, it is difficult to obtain medical care without being able to demonstrate adequate insurance.
You don't want to sacrifice personal hygiene, but some compromises from your usual assortment of personal care products might help. Your hotel may provide soap and shampoo (or they may not, this is worth researching about your destination)... the fact that they're not your usual brand probably won't matter. Minimal use of make-up is expected of travelers. Of course you'll probably want to bring your own '''toothbrush''' etc. (or a travel toothbrush), '''deodorant''', '''shaving gear''' (if applicable), '''tampons/pads''' (if applicable), etc. Women may want to consider a reusable alternative to tampons, such as a menstrual cup or sponge. Tampons can be scarce outside of shops catering to tourists in countries in Asia, South America, and Africa. Some public toilets do not supply '''toilet paper''', so it's a good idea to bring a roll of your own.
A bottle of no-wash '''hand sanitizer''' or wipes can come in handy, no matter where you travel. If you're going to be outdoors much, '''sunglasses''', '''sun-screen''', '''lip balm''', and other skin-care products are important in more places than not. '''Insect repellent''' is very handy in many places, especially tropical countries with malaria. Consider a small '''first-aid''' kit with adhesive bandages, anti-bacterial cream, etc.
In some countries it may be advisable to carry a more '''comprehensive first aid kit''', including hypodermic needles, wound dressings, etc. Ideally talk to your local travel doctor or family doctor about what you may or may not need before you go.
If you take any '''medications''', take personal supplies of them, as they may be in short supply, but resist the urge to re-package them for travel across borders; keeping them in their original packages, with copies of prescriptions, will save you from hassles (or worse) from customs & immigration. (Also, make sure they're ''legal'' where you're going.) Pain relievers, anti-diarrheal medicines, etc. may come in handy, but keep in mind that they can also be purchased most places. If you have any medical conditions, allergies, etc. keep that information on you; med-alert tags will be recognized in most places. A copy of your eyeglasses prescription might come in handy should you break or lose your glasses/contacts.
If you are going to the tropics, see also tropical diseases.
You'll probably want to bring a '''camera''', along with sufficient film/storage and batteries. See Travel photography for more on this topic.
Take '''battery chargers''' and travel '''power adapters''' for any electrical device you may use. Be sure to check the correct voltage and frequency is available in your destination.
You may want to bring books, music, games, or some other amusements for long waits and rides. Books are great entertainment on buses, planes, boats and lazy days alike. Keep in mind that books are heavy; for long trips, pick ones you won't mind giving away when you finish them. Most hostels have collections of books left behind by other travelers, which functions on a "leave one, take one" basis. This "norm" is however not at all strictly enforced; you can take a book without leaving one behind.
Beyond that, what other kind of '''gear''' you'll need to pack depends profoundly on where you're going and what you're doing there. Snorkel and flippers? Caribiners and rope? Golf clubs? Snow skis? If your trip is focussed on an equipment heavy activity like skiing or scuba diving, you may want to take your own equipment along, or depending on your destination and facilities there, have no choice about bringing it along. Finding an '''activity specific packing list''' and using it as a reference is a good way to make sure that you don't forget something crucial. For some activities you may even want to pack spares of some equipment: scuba divers sometimes prepare a "save a dive" kit with spare masks and fin straps so that the failure of a small bit of equipment doesn't mean skipping a day's diving.
Depending on the activity and your destination, the alternative may be to use '''hire equipment'''. The decision to hire or buy depends partly on your activity: hiking boots and wetsuits, for example, often need to fit their wearer well to be effective. It's also partly based on expense and convenience. Buying equipment is typically a big one-off cost and ongoing maintenance might be required. However, renting is usually be more expensive over the long run if you are a regular participant. The final consideration is the size and weight of your luggage, particularly if you are flying. Packing both your equipment and day-to-day essentials might put you over the airlines' free baggage limit, fragile equipment can be damaged when transported in luggage holds and sometimes there is a separate surcharge for either sporting equipment or large and difficult to handle baggage.
See the various articles under Travel activities for more about this.
Traveling usually involves a fair amount of sitting and waiting and time spent in transit. Packing '''water''' and some '''snacks''' will make those times go more comfortably. Even if refreshments will be available, they're often overpriced for travelers. A '''foldable waterbottle''' with a hoser is efficient if ou are going to a pump your own water with a '''water filter'''. The hoser is especially useful for couples who are on the go, as it is more efficient then puilling out a huge plastic bottle.
For suggestions about packing food for places where you have to Bring Your Own Breakfast, see Packing for a week of hiking.
Some travelers carry a kettle and tea or coffee. You can also get a compact water heater that boils a glass or mug of water. Be aware of electrical requirements where you are going.
Bringing a '''phone''' along makes perfect sense these days... as long as the place you're going uses a compatible network, and your service provider offers coverage there. Phone '''cards''' and/or numbers for "collect" calling may be more practical. If you bring your mobile phone, don't forget your charger. See also Telephone service for travel.
The more net-connected sort may want to bring along a '''laptop''' or '''wireless PDA''' to get online, but check on electrical compatibility first. Leave some charge in your devices, as you may be required to turn them on at security checkpoints in order to demonstrate that they are what they seem to be. A PDA offers the additional advantage that you can carry travel guides, maps, phrasebooks, and books for general reading in digital form, allowing you to save plenty of weight. GPS-enabled PDAs are now on the market, and they are a wonderful tool for navigating cities. Internet cafes are increasingly common throughout the world, especially in areas where home internet service is less common, so you may prefer to use them instead of lugging your own system around.